Polymorphism , the third pillar of object-oriented programming, is closely related to inheritance. The prefix poly means many; morph means form. Thus, polymorphism refers to the ability of a single type or class to take many forms. There are times that you will know you have a collection of a… Continue reading
The second pillar, specialization, is implemented in C# by declaring that a new class derives from an existing class. When you do so, the specialized class inherits the characteristics of the more general class. The specialized class is called a derived class, while the more general class is known as… Continue reading
static int Myint–The life time is during the entire application. OR The static modifier is used to declare a static member, which belongs to the type itself rather than to a specific object. The static modifier can be used with fields, methods, properties, operators, events and constructors, but cannot be… Continue reading
Microsoft describes C# as a simple, modern, object-oriented, and type-safe programming language derived from C and C++. Most independent observers would probably change that to derived from C, C++, and Java. Such descriptions are technically accurate but do little to convey the beauty or elegance of the language. Syntactically, C#… Continue reading
The class is one of the two basic encapsulation constructs in C# (the other being the struct). Every executable statement must be placed inside a class or struct. Classes define reference types that are the basic building blocks of C# programs, and they are the architectural blueprint for the “objects”… Continue reading
Managed Code is what Visual Basic .NET and C# compilers create. It compiles to Intermediate Language (IL), not to machine code that could run directly on your computer. The IL is kept in a file called an assembly, along with metadata that describes the classes, methods, and attributes (such as… Continue reading
System.Exception System.OutOfMemoryException System.NullReferenceException Syste.InvalidCastException Syste.ArrayTypeMismatchException System.IndexOutOfRangeException System.ArithmeticException System.DevideByZeroException System.OverFlowException System.Data.SqlClient.SqlException FileNotFoundException
public static Array ExpandArray(Array arr, object newElement) { int length = 1; System.Type type = newElement.GetType(); if (arr != null) { length += arr.Length; type = arr.GetType().GetElementType(); } Array result = Array.CreateInstance(type, length); if (arr != null) { arr.CopyTo(result, 0); } result.SetValue(newElement, result.Length – 1); return result; }
The phrase native code is used in two contexts. Many people use it as a synonym for unmanaged code: code built with an older tool, or deliberately chosen in Visual C++, that does not run in the runtime, but instead runs natively on the machine. This might be a complete… Continue reading
Unmanaged code is what you use to make before Visual Studio .NET 2002 was released. Visual Basic 6, Visual C++ 6, heck, even that 15-year old C compiler you may still have kicking around on your hard drive all produced unmanaged code. It compiled directly to machine code that ran… Continue reading